Digital Fortress Review Essay Example

Digital Fortress Review Paper Essay on Digital Fortress I just handed over the session, namely, the subject of information security, when my hands got this book. The first 20 pages the author ochenvidno copied from some dvoishnika with cribs on the subject that I was going to take. About the fate of your anegdote very funny =) Perhaps, if this is not artless coincidence I would did not finish Because of the books merits -. like a pseudo-scientific literature. I call pseudo-book, which supposedly built on some scientific or historical fact, but by themselves are totally artistic. (Dumas loved to do in this genre, but it will not compare Dumas and Brown) We will write a custom essay sample on Digital Fortress Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Digital Fortress Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Digital Fortress Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I like because it is somehow repelled by reality. We must pay tribute to Brown, so that What, and he knows how to make a start. But not fly. Maybe its a completely disorderly translation, or maybe careless writings. But it was read to me boring. Neither you paint, either you or less action, when turning the pages at lightning speed, so in your imagination for a moment is perfect to move heroes . then I probably dozed P . Between preparing for exams . as a sleep aid book that we should . Heroes flat. . Which is not saturated, no description is not outwardly, nor is characteristic Heres the positive traits are sympathetic hero. Here you otridtsatelnye its untrusted I do not like when the reader as to the rams.. I do not like when you do not leave a choice. Read the book, if you have the time, if you suffer from insomnia, or if you like to pop pseudo-scientific literature.

Finding My Passion essays

Finding My Passion essays Ive participated in many sports and extracurricular activities throughout my life; gymnastics, cheerleading, dancing, piano and French classes but somehow I've always ended up quitting all of them. Much of this has to do with my personality - I tend to be a bit lazy. I limit myself by maintaining an "average" life, even though I'm fully capable of reaching a great success. When it comes to personality, my mother is my complete opposite. She's a very dedicated person and expects a lot from herself. She always gives her best and is the type of person who never gives up. As her daughter, I've witnessed what happens when we live our lives with high personal expectations. And learning from her, simply by watching her live her life, may be what leads me to making decisions that lead to a happy and successful life. In early November of 2005, I was on a swim team and I had two very important dates coming up on the calendar: one of the most significant swim competitions of the year and my 16th birthday. The swim competition was an obsession for my mother. She couldnt believe I hadnt quit the swim team and she was so proud and happy for me. But this enthusiasm was putting a tremendous amount of pressure on me. As the day of the swim meet approached, my nerves seemed to increase with each passing second. Before I knew it, it was the day of the competition. My mother took me to school that morning and I hoped that somehow I could find the time to relax and clear my mind. I arrived to class before the other students and the room was empty. As soon as I sat at my desk, all my friends walked in singing happy birthday and carrying an enormous cake and gifts. I was so touched that I didn't even think about the swim competition for the rest of the day. But as soon as the last school bell rang, my nerves kicked into overdrive. I knew it was time to go home and begin getting ready to compete. While I was walking to my bus, my th...

New drug that significantly improved performance on a learning task in Essay

New drug that significantly improved performance on a learning task in human - Essay Example This electrical impulse is one unit of neural information. An electrical impulse flowing along the length of a neuron is called nerve impulse. Nerve impulses are unidirectional within a neuron – from the dendrite through the cell body and axon, to the axon terminals. In addition, neurons produce nerve impulses in an all-or-nothing way. For example, if the stimulus that a neuron receives is too weak to trigger a nerve impulse, nothing happens – the neuron does not initiate an impulse. However, if the stimulus is strong enough, the neuron does initiate an impulse. What happens when an impulse reaches the end of one neuron and move to another neuron? The junction between two neurons or between a neuron and a muscle is called a synapse. The two cells involved in a synapse do not physically touch each other instead they are separated by a small space. The cell that carries the impulse to the synapse is the synaptic cell and the cell that receives the impulse is the postsynaptic cell. When an impulse that is travelling along the postsynaptic cell reaches the end of the axon, it causes the cell to release molecules known as neurotransmitters. These molecules are released into the synapse and diffuse approximately 20 millionths of a millimetre to where they bind with receptors on the dendrites of the postsynaptic cell. When neurotransmitters bind to the receptors, the charge across the postsynaptic membrane changes and if the change is great enough, it triggers a nerve impulse, the nerve impulse then travels along the postsynaptic cell. Dopamine (DA) is a predominant catecholamine neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain where it controls a variety of functions including locomotor activity, cognition, emotion, positive reinforcement, etc. The chemical is naturally produced in the body (brain region). Dopamine, the neurotransmitter activates dopamine receptors. In addition,

Strategic Management Accounting System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic Management Accounting System - Essay Example It further explains the control procedures expected at the three levels of management control (strategic, tactical and operational) and provides a discussion of how control is exercised and information required at each management level, relates to Highline Co. Ltd. The traditional management accounting systems are of minimal use in the preparation of the strategic plans, monitoring of achievement process of predetermined objectives of the organization and performance evaluation of the employees. The failure of traditional accounting systems have triggered the process of research in order to find out the suitable methods which can eke the changing business techniques in order to achieve the organisational objectives in today's global business environment (Ittner & Larker, 1998). According to the evaluation of the manufacturing data in different companies it has been found that the manufacturing has been transformed. Labour cost is no more considered as the significant cost of manufacturing, it has been replaced by the overhead cost which has become a significant cost of manufacturing process. This change has reduced the usefulness of the traditional accounting techniques. By undertaking the examination of the material cost and labour cost data the validity and generality of these claims can be tested. Moreover, the extent to which manufacturing has changed over time and the nature of these changes can also be examined. This can help the management of the company in designing an effective and up to date management accounting system according to the current needs of the company. The changing products and management styles have reduced the usefulness of cost accounting and management control systems in the modern age of information technology which were previo usly used in many organizations. Decline in Direct Labour: The automation of the machinery assembling plant in the company has reduced the number of labour used in the production process. Labour cost constitutes a small portion of the manufacturing costs and the overhead costs have become the major constituent of the manufacturing cost. The changing trend has also raised the level of manufacturing overhead which represents 33% of the total manufacturing cost in the company. Due to the changing pattern of manufacturing process the traditional cost systems also tend to fail in the true valuation of cost. It has been noted that the management has taken inaccurate decisions and adopted strategies which have restrain the manufacturing process. In order to confirm the above assertions the management can gather data to analyze two important issues: 1. The production labour has declined as a percentage of total manufacturing costs. 2. The ratio of the total wage expenditures to production wages has been increased for all, most, or some manufacturing companies over time. (Boer and

Foreign Press vs. U.S. Press Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Foreign Press vs. U.S. Press - Essay Example When people were still in shock the next bomb exploded creating wider chaos and fear everywhere. A lot of bodies were left in pieces with boots of police officers scattered all over the scene along with several severed hands. Thereafter ambulances began evacuating casualties of what remains of the dead bodies and injured people. The injured and victims were then taken to hospitals bloodied and bandaged they lay on the floor because of the beds that were already filled with patients. Chaotic scenes unfolded as the doctors and nurses tended to the patients and security officials who were also brought as more victims. Within an hour another bomb exploded taking the list to three bombs all in one day; the last bomb injured almost 8 more security officials. It was evident that this bomb along with other terrorist activities aimed at police officials only; however it was considered the worse since February. Comparison The news are reported by the USA press (Voice of America) and the Foreig n Press ( Khaleej times). Good comparisons of both are given below. Commonalities: There are various commonalities in facts and general information where both citations are mostly similar. Both reports clearly mention 27 people killing in northern city of Iraq. The area that was the blasted, that is, Kirkuk was even correctly identified. Other details that included, the bombs rushing the policemen out of their headquarters, three bombs all in one day, the location of bomb i.e. parking area near police station and the third bomb being planted on the road was even clearly pointed out by both press. The number figures mainly eight wounded security officers, second bomb occurring within minutes, the third within an hour were also some of the accurate approximates. Differences: The reports from US press (voice of America) had a very short note due to which places of disparities reduced naturally in the report. Still in some areas the problem was sighted this included mainly in the title. Whereeas th Foreign Press (Khaleej Times) mentioned two bombs killing 27 people the USA Press (Voice of America) mentioned series of bomb killing 27 people. At first side any addressee would comprehend the word â€Å"series† as more than two bombs, which could be a wrong view, thus the title could be said as an exaggerated one to draw attention. The second difference sighted were in the distance of Kirkuk from north of Baghdad. Where Foreign Press (Khaleej Times) mentioned 290 kilometers the USA Press (Voice of America) mentioned it as 250 kilometers. This was a factual data and such error must not have occurred. News # 2: At least 18 killed in Baghdad jail fight The article reported the killing in Baghdad prison flight. It all started when one of the Al-Qaeda leaders, Huthaifa al-Battawi, who was reported as the Emir of Baghdad and also the planned attacker at a Catholic Church, wrestled with one of the security guards in an attempt to flee off the prison with other of his inmates. In fighting between the security officers and the prisoners he got killed along with many others from security guards and prisoners either injured or killed. Commonalities: Both the USA Press (Voice of America) and the Foreign Press (Khaleej times) agreed on Huthaifa al-Battawi death, his wrestling for gun from a guard and him being the one who planned attack at Catholic Church back in October . Differences: There are various

Construction of a Research Questionnaire

Construction of a Research Questionnaire Construction of appropriate questionnaire items Section 2, Question 3 Describe what is involved in testing and validating a research questionnaire. (The answer to question 3 should be no fewer than 6 pages, including references) The following criteria will be used in assessing question 3: Construction of appropriate questionnaire items Sophistication of understanding of crucial design issues Plan for use of appropriate sampling method and sample Plan to address validity and reliability in a manner appropriate to methodology In order to construct an appropriate research questionnaire, it is imperative to first have a clear understanding of the scope of the research project. It would be most beneficial to solidify these research goals in written form, and then focus the direction of the study to address the research questions. After developing the research questions, the researcher would further read the related literature regarding the research topic, specifically searching for ideas and theories based on the analysis of the construct(s) to be measured. Constructs are essentially mathematical descriptions or theories of how our test behavior is either likely to change following or during certain situations (Kubiszyn & Borich, 2007, p. 311). It is important to know what the literature says about these construct(s) and the most accurate, concise ways to measure them. Constructs are psychological in nature and are not tangible, concrete variables because they cannot be observed directly (Gay Airasian, 2003 ). Hopkins (1998) explains that psychological constructs are unobservable, postulated variables that have evolved either informally or from psychological theory (p. 99). Hopkins also maintains that when developing the items to measure the construct(s), it is imperative to ask multiple items per construct to ensure they are being adequately measured. Another important aspect in developing items for a questionnaire is to find an appropriate scale for all the items to be measured (Gay Airasian, 2003). Again, this requires researching survey instruments similar to the one being developed for the current study and also determining what the literature says about how to best measure these constructs. The next step in designing the research questionnaire is to validate it-to ensure it is measuring what it is intended to measure. In this case, the researcher would first establish construct validity evidence, which is ensuring that the research questionnaire is measuring the ideas and theories related to the research project. An instrument has construct validity evidence if its relationship to other information corresponds well with some theory (Kubiszyn Borich, 2007, p. 309). Another reason to go through the validation process is to minimize factors that can weaken the validity of a research instrument, including unclear test directions, confusing and/or ambiguous test items, and vocabulary and sentence structures too difficult for test takers (Gay Airasian, 2003). After developing a rough draft of the questionnaire, including the items that measure the construct(s) for this study, the researcher should then gather a small focus group that is representative of the population to be studied (Johnson, 2007). The purpose of this focus group is to discuss the research topic, to gain additional perspectives about the study, and to consider new ideas about how to improve the research questionnaire so it is measuring the constructs accurately. This focus group provides the researcher with insight on what questions to revise and what questions should be added or deleted, if any. The focus group can also provide important information as to what type of language and vocabulary is appropriate for the group to be studied and how to best approach them (Krueger Casey, 2009). All of this groups feedback would be recorded and used to make changes, edits, and revisions to the research questionnaire. Another step in the validation process is to let a panel of experts (fellow researchers, professors, those who have expertise in the field of study) read and review the survey instrument, checking it for grammatical errors, wording issues, unclear items (loaded questions, biased questions), and offer their feedback. Also, their input regarding the validity of the items is vital. As with the other focus group, any feedback should be recorded and used to make changes, edits, and revisions to the research questionnaire (Johnson, 2007). The next step entails referring to the feedback received from the focus group and panel of experts. Any issues detected by the groups must be addressed so the research questionnaire can serve its purpose (Johnson, 2007). Next, the researcher should revise the questions and research questionnaire, considering all the input obtained and make any other changes that would improve the instrument. Any feedback obtained regarding the wording of items must be carefully considered, because the participants in the study must understand exactly what the questions are asking so they can respond accurately and honestly. It is also imperative to consider the feedback regarding the directions and wording of the research questionnaire. The directions of the questionnaire should be clear and concise, leaving nothing to personal interpretation (Suskie, 1996). The goal is that all participants should be able to read the directions and know precisely how to respond and complete the questionnaire. To bet ter ensure honesty of responses, it is imperative to state in the directions that answers are anonymous (if applicable), and if they mistakenly write any identifying marks on the questionnaire, those marks will be immediately erased. If that type of scenario is not possible in the design of the study, the researcher should still communicate the confidentiality of the information obtained in this study and how their personal answers and other information will not be shared with anyone. Whatever the case or research design, the idea is to have participants answer the questions honestly so the most accurate results are obtained. Assuring anonymity and/or confidentiality to participants is another way to help ensure that valid data are collected. The next phase entails pilot-testing the research questionnaire on a sample of people similar to the population on which the survey will ultimately be administered. This group should be comprised of approximately 20 people (Johnson, 2007), and the instrument should be administered under similar conditions as it will be during the actual study. The purpose of this pilot-test is two-fold; the first reason is to once again check the validity of the instrument by obtaining feedback from this group, and the second reason is to do a reliability analysis. Reliability is basically the degree to which a test consistently measure whatever it is measuring (Gay Airasian, 2003, p. 141). A reliability analysis is essential when developing a research questionnaire because a research instrument lacking reliability cannot measure any variable better than chance alone (Hopkins, 1998). Hopkins goes on to say that reliability is an essential prerequisite to validity because a research instrument must c onsistently yield reliable scores to have any confidence in validity. After administering the research questionnaire to this small group, a reliability analysis of the results must be done. The reliability analysis to be used is Cronbachs alpha (Hopkins, 1998), which allows an overall reliability coefficient to be calculated, as well as coefficients for each of the sub-constructs (if any). The overall instrument, as well as the sub-constructs, should yield alpha statistics greater than .70 (Johnson, 2007). This analysis would decide if the researcher needs to revise the items or proceed with administering the instrument to the target population. The researcher should also use the feedback obtained from this group to ensure that the questions are clear and present no ambiguity. Any other feedback obtained should be used to address any problems with the research questionnaire. Should there be any problems with particular items, then necessary changes would be made to ensure the item i s measuring what it is supposed to be measuring. However, should there be issues with an entire construct(s) that is yielding reliability and/or validity problems, then the instrument would have to be revised, reviewed again by the panel of experts, and retested on another small group. After the instrument goes through this process and has been corrected and refined with acceptable validity and reliability, it is time to begin planning to administer it to the target population. After the research questionnaire has established validity and reliability, the next step is to begin planning how to administer it to the participants of the study. To begin this process, it is imperative to define who the target population of the study is. Unfortunately, it is often impossible to gather data from everyone in a population due to feasibility and costs. Therefore, sampling must be used to collect data. According to Gay and Airasian (2003), Sampling is the process of selecting a number of participants for a study in such a way that they represent the larger group from which they were selected (p. 101). This larger group that the authors refer to is the population, and the population is the group to which the results will ideally generalize. However, out of any population, the researcher will have to determine those who are accessible or available. In most studies, the chosen population for study is usually a realistic choice and not always the target one (Gay Airasian, 2003). After choosing the population to be studied, it is important to define that population so the reader will know how to apply the findings to that population. The next step in the research study is to select a sample, and the quality of this sample will ultimately determine the integrity and generalizability of the results. Ultimately, the researcher should desire a sample that is representative of the defined population to be studied. Ideally, the researcher wants to minimize sampling error by using random sampling techniques. Random sampling techniques include simple random sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, and systematic sampling (Gay Airasian, 2003). According to the authors, these sampling techniques operate just as they are named: simple random sampling is using a means to randomly select an adequate sample of participants from a population; stratified random sampling allows a researcher to sample subgroups in such a way that they are proportional in the same way they exist in the population; and cluster sampling randomly selects groups from a larger population (Gay Airasian, 2003). Systematic sampling is a form of s imple random sampling, where the researcher simply selects every tenth person, for example. These four random sampling techniques, or variations thereof, are the most widely used random sampling procedures. While random sampling allows for the best chance to obtained unbiased samples, sometimes it is not always possible. Therefore, the researcher resorts to nonrandom sampling techniques. These techniques include convenience sampling, purposive sampling, and quota sampling (Gay Airasian, 2003). Convenience sampling is simply sampling whoever happens to be available, while purposive sampling is where the researcher selects a sample based on knowledge of the group to be sampled (Gay Airasian, 2003). Lastly, quota sampling is a technique used in large-scale surveys when a population of interest is too large to define. With quota sampling, the researcher usually will have a specific number of participants to target with specific demographics (Gay Airasian, 2003). The sampling method ultimately chosen will depend upon the population determined to be studied. In an ideal scenario, random sampling would be employed, which improves the strength and generalizability of the results. However, should random sampling not be possible, the researcher would mostly likely resort to convenience sampling. Although not as powerful as random sampling, convenience sampling is used quite a bit and can be useful in educational research (Johnson, 2007). Of course, whatever sampling means is employed, it is imperative to have an adequate sample size. As a general rule, the larger the population size, the smaller the percentage of the population required to get a representative sample (Gay Airasian, 2003). The researcher would determine the size of the population being studied (if possible) and then determine an adequate sample size (Krejcie Morgan, 1970, p. 608). Ultimately, it is desirable to obtain as many participants as possible and not merely to achieve a m inimum (Gay Airasian, 2003). Lastly, after an adequate sample size for the study has been determined, the researcher should proceed with the administration of the research questionnaire until the desired sample size is obtained. The research questionnaire should be administered in similar conditions, and potential participants should know and understand that they are not obligated in any way to participate and that they will not be penalized for not participating (Suskie, 1996). Also, participants should know how to contact the research should they have questions about the research project, including the ultimate dissemination of the data and the results of the study. The researcher should exhaust all efforts to ensure participants understand what is being asked so they can make a clear judgment regarding their consent to participate in the study. Should any of the potential participants be under the age of 18, the researcher would need to obtain parental permission in order for th em to participate. Lastly, it is imperative that the researcher obtain approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) before the instrument is field-tested and administered to the participants. People who participate in the study should understand that the research project has been approved through the universitys IRB process. References Gay, L. R., Airasian, P. (2003). Educational research: Competencies for analysis and Applications (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Hopkins, K. D. (1998). Educational and psychological measurement and evaluation (8th ed.). Boston: Allyn Bacon. Johnson, J. T. (2007). Instrument development and validation [Class handout]. Department of Educational Leadership Research, The University of Southern Mississippi. Krejcie, R. V., Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610.k Krueger, R. A., Casey, M. A. (2009). Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, SA: Sage Publications, Inc. Kubiszyn, T., Borich, B. (2007). Educational testing and measurement: Classroom application and practice (8th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Suskie, L. A. (1996). Questionnaire survey research: What works (2nd ed.). Tallahassee, FL: Association for Institutional Research.

Historical Criticism of Mans Fate :: essays papers

Historical Criticism of Mans Fate Man’s Fate is a fictional story based on the 1927 Chinese revolution in Shanghai. The main characters, Ch’en, Kyo, May, Katov, and Old Gisors represent different facets of Malraux’s belief system and personality. The story opens where Ch’en is in the room of a sleeping man who he’s about to assassinate. The assassination of the businessman can be seen as the destruction of the capitalism Malraux saw as the cause of the â€Å"oppressed and exploited Chinese† (Greenlee 59). Malraux came from a broken home and had great empathy for the working class. As Ch’en is holding the dagger, he focuses on his victim’s foot because he is about to destroy a living thing. Ch’en is conflicted â€Å"†¦torn by anguish: he was sure of himself, yet at the moment he could feel nothing but bewilderment † (3). We can see Malraux’s own conflict here. In 1923, Malraux made a trip to Cambodia where he and his wife, Clara, â€Å"...were arrested by the Surete and charged with archaeological theft a moral failure that Malraux now at last recognized in himself† (Lebovics) Assassination and violence were a common occurrence in China during the revolutionary years. The peasants were abused by the wealthy citizens and landowners,...it was from among their relatives and protà ©gà ©s that those who oppressed and lived off the peasantry were recruited: the bailiffs and stewards who not only collected the rents and debts due to their masters, but also took a substantial cut for their own benefit; the tax-gatherers in whose registers the landlords’ holdings were on an authorized ‘special list’, allowing them to pay taxes in inverse proportion to their wealth, or not at all. (Chesneaux 81-82). Malraux wants his readers to understand the reasons behind the revolt. Time and again, Malraux draws vivid scenes of violence and deprivation. The meeting place to which Ch’en flees after the assassination is that of a poor European shopkeeper, Hemmelrich. â€Å"At last a squalid shop † (11). Kyo is the main character in the story; he is determined to do everything in his power to lead the Shanghai revolt. â€Å"Kyo was one of the organizers of the insurrection, the Central Committee had confidence in him.† (14). Kyo wanted to see fairness for the proletariats. Likewise, Malraux was involved in leftist politics.